ASTM E0280-21

Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4<fraction><num>1</num><den>2</den></fraction > to 12 in. (114 to 305 mm)) Steel Castings

ACTIVE

About this standard

Languages
English
Type
ASTM
Status
ACTIVE
Publication date
01 July 2021
Withdrawn Date

About this training

Summary

< div class=" SectionLevel2" > < p class=" subsec1 cdone2" > < span class=" Head3 cdone" > 1.1< / span>  These reference radiographs< span style=" font-style:normal " > < span class=" footnote-link" > 2< / span> < / span> illustrate various categories, types, and severity levels of discontinuities occurring in steel castings that have section thicknesses of 41/ < sub> 2< / sub>  to 12 in. (114 to 305 mm). The reference radiograph films are an adjunct to this document and must be purchased separately from ASTM International, if needed (see < span class=" Body-link1 cdone" > 2.2< / span> ). Categories and severity levels for each discontinuity type represented by these reference radiographs are described in < span class=" Body-link1 cdone" > 1.2< / span> .

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< span class=" note cdone" style=" text-transform: uppercase " > Note 1:< / span>  < span class=" note cdone" > The basis of application for these reference radiographs requires a prior purchaser supplier agreement of radiographic examination attributes and classification criterion as described in Sections < span class=" Note-link1 cdone" > 4< / span> , < span class=" Note-link1 cdone" > 6< / span> , and < span class=" Note-link1 cdone" > 7< / span> of this standard. Reference radiographs for other steel casting thicknesses may be found in Reference Radiographs < span class=" Note-link1 cdone" > E446< / span> and < span class=" Note-link1 cdone" > E186< / span> . Reference Radiographs < span class=" Note-link1 cdone" > E186< / span> provides some overlap of severity levels for similar discontinuity categories within the same energy level range (see < span class=" Note-link1 cdone" > 4.3< / span> , < span class=" Note-link1 cdone" > 5.1< / span> , and < span class=" Note-link1 cdone" > 6.3< / span> ).< / span>

< / div> < / div> < div class=" SectionLevel2" > < p class=" subsec1 cdone2" > < span class=" Head3 cdone" > 1.2< / span>  These reference radiographs consist of two separate volumes as follows

< div class=" SectionLevel3" > < p class=" subsec2 cdone2" > < span class=" Head4 cdone" > 1.2.1< / span>  < span class=" Head4Title cdone" > Volume I: 2-MV X-rays and Cobalt-60—< / span> This includes cobalt-60 or equivalent isotope radiation and from 2-MV up to 4-MV X-rays. Set of 28 plates in 81/ < sub> 2< / sub>  by 11 in. (216 by 279 mm) ring binders.

< / div> < div class=" SectionLevel3" > < p class=" subsec2 cdone2" > < span class=" Head4 cdone" > 1.2.2< / span>  < span class=" Head4Title cdone" > Volume II: 4-MV to 30-MV X-rays—< / span> Set of 28 plates in 8 1/ < sub> 2< / sub>  by 11 in. (216 by 279 mm) ring binders.

< / div> < div class=" SectionLevel3" > < p class=" subsec2 cdone2" > < span class=" Head4 cdone" > 1.2.3< / span>  Unless otherwise specified in a purchaser supplier agreement (see < span class=" Body-link1 cdone" > 1.1< / span> ), each volume is for comparison only with production radiographs produced with radiation energy levels within the thickness range covered by this standard. Each volume consists of three categories of graded discontinuities in increasing severity levels, and three categories of ungraded discontinuities. Reference radiographs containing ungraded discontinuities are provided as a guide for recognition of a specific casting discontinuity type where severity levels are not needed. Following is a list of discontinuity categories, types, and severity levels for the adjunct reference radiographs of this standard:

< div class=" SectionLevel4" > < p class=" subsec3 cdone2" > < span class=" Head5 cdone" > 1.2.3.1< / span>  < span class=" Head5Title cdone" > Category A—< / span> Gas porosity severity levels 1 through 5.

< / div> < div class=" SectionLevel4" > < p class=" subsec3 cdone2" > < span class=" Head5 cdone" > 1.2.3.2< / span>  < span class=" Head5Title cdone" > Category B—< / span> Sand and slag inclusions severity levels 1 through 5.

< / div> < div class=" SectionLevel4" > < p class=" subsec3 cdone2" > < span class=" Head5 cdone" > 1.2.3.3< / span>  < span class=" Head5Title cdone" > Category C—< / span> Shrinkage three types:

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(1) < span class=" overriddenformat" style=" font-style:italic font-weight:normal " > Ca Linear Shrinkage< / span> —Severity levels 1 through 5 (called Type 1 in previous revisions).

(2) < span class=" overriddenformat" style=" font-style:italic font-weight:normal " > Cb Feathery Shrinkage < / span> —Severity levels 1 through 5 (called Type 2 in previous revisions).

(3) < span class=" overriddenformat" style=" font-style:italic font-weight:normal " > Cc Sponge Shrinkage< / span> —Severity levels 1 through 5 (called Type 3 in previous revisions).

< / div> < / div> < div class=" SectionLevel4" > < p class=" subsec3 cdone2" > < span class=" Head5 cdone" > 1.2.3.4< / span>  < span class=" Head5Title cdone" > Category D—< / span> Crack one illustration D5 in pre-1972 documents.

< / div> < div class=" SectionLevel4" > < p class=" subsec3 cdone2" > < span class=" Head5 cdone" > 1.2.3.5< / span>  < span class=" Head5Title cdone" > Category E—< / span> Hot tear one illustration D3 in pre-1972 documents.

< / div> < div class=" SectionLevel4" > < p class=" subsec3 cdone2" > < span class=" Head5 cdone" > 1.2.3.6< / span>  < span class=" Head5Title cdone" > Category F—< / span> Insert one illustration EB2 in pre-1972 documents.

< / div> < / div> < / div> < div class=" SectionLevel2" > < p class=" subsec1 cdone2" > < span class=" Head3 cdone" > 1.3< / span>  From time to time, there may be minor changes to the process for manufacturing of the reference radiograph adjunct materials. These changes could include changes in the films or processing chemicals used, changes in the dies or printing for the cardboard mats, etc. however, in all cases, these changes are reviewed by the Illustration Monitoring Subcommittee and all reference radiographs are reviewed against a fixed prototype image to ensure that there are no changes to the acceptance level represented by the reference radiographs. Therefore, the adjunct reference radiographs remain valid for use with this standard regardless of the date of production or the revision level of the text standard.

< / div> < div class=" SectionLevel2" > < p class=" subsec1 cdone2" > < span class=" Head3 cdone" > 1.4< / span>  < span class=" Head3Title cdone" > Units—< / span> The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

< / div> < div class=" SectionLevel2" > < p class=" caveat cdone2" > < span class=" Head3 cdone" > 1.5< / span>  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

< / div> < div class=" SectionLevel2" > < p class=" WTOcaveat cdone2" > < span class=" Head3 cdone" > 1.6< / span>  This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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